Osteosarcoma is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors in bone tissue. It occurs in children and adolescents. 15% to 20% of patients with osteosarcoma are accompanied by lung metastases when they are first diagnosed. According to histological manifestations, it can be divided into three types: high-grade, intermediate-grade and low-grade osteosarcoma. Although the emergence and application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has provided more options and breakthroughs in the treatment of osteosarcoma, the overall survival rate of patients has not changed significantly. Therefore, it is very necessary to find new prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.

Target Genes Delivered in vivo in Osteosarcoma

Previous studies have shown that a total of 108 DEGs, including 77 up-regulated genes and 31 down-regulated genes, were detected in osteosarcoma samples by differential expression analysis (DEG). Further studies found that DEGs were mainly enriched in integrin binding, ECM structure, ECM receptor interaction and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. In addition, by comparing the differences in immune cell infiltration patterns between osteosarcoma samples and normal tissue samples, it was found that macrophages were the most important infiltrating cells in osteosarcoma tissue. Through further screening, five highly correlated genes were found, namely SPP1, MMP2, LOX, COL5A2, MCAM, all of which were up-regulated in osteosarcoma, and the expression of these genes in osteosarcoma samples and normal tissue samples was indeed has a difference.

Figure 1. Identified molecular alterations leading to metastatic traits of osteosarcoma cells. (Morrow JJ, et al.; 2015)

Among them, SPP1 is involved in cell adhesion, focal adhesion and ECM receptor interaction. It has been reported that lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3)/SPP1 signal transduction may be a potential target for predicting osteosarcoma metastasis, but further studies are needed to confirm it. EMT is an important biological process of local and distant metastasis of various malignant tumors including osteosarcoma. MMPs play an important role in promoting the regeneration of tissue cells, regulating programmed cell death, promoting angiogenesis and regulating many other important tissue functions.  It has been reported that LINC01128 acts as a sponge of miR-299-3p to regulate the expression of MMP2 and activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma. In recent years, LOX has also been confirmed to be involved in the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumors. Studies have found that LOX can promote angiogenesis and EMT formation in various malignant tumors such as glioblastoma, osteosarcoma, prostate cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer.

In addition to the above genes, there are interesting osteosarcoma-related genes that need to be explored and studied. Therefore, there is a need for an in vivo transfection system that can precisely target osteosarcoma tissue and be taken up by tumor cells to function in vivo. The system can help researchers overcome various challenges encountered during in vivo transfection:

• Relevant molecular function studies can only be carried out in vitro, lacking important in vivo data
• Using in vitro transfection system for in vivo transfection, the transfection efficiency is very low;
• The in vivo transfection system used is not specific to osteosarcoma tissues and cells, and is toxic to the body;
• The in vivo transfection system used cannot penetrate the osteosarcoma tissue into the tumor tissue;
• The nucleic acid load of the in vivo transfection system is low, and it is difficult to achieve the expected effect;
• Etc…

Our Advantage:

• We can provide an in vivo transfection system for osteosarcoma tissues and cells to achieve efficient transfection
• Our system can target multiple targets at the same time, improving targeting accuracy
• The in vivo transfection system has low toxicity to the body and is safe to use
• In vivo transfection system vectors can protect nucleic acids from degradation during in vivo delivery
• Persistent knockout effect in experimental animals after a single injection
• The system load is high, and the transfection needs of different doses can be completed
• Professional design and service team to provide you with reliable service and technical support
• Timely feedback of technical reports

CD BioSciences specializes in developing transfection systems and customizing transfection reagents for gene transfection using our core technologies. With our high-quality products and services, your transfection results can be greatly improved. If you can't find a perfect in vivo transfection system, you can contact us. We can provide one-to-one personal customization service.

References

1. Thiery JP. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002, 2(6) :442-454.
2. Li Y, et al.; LAMP3 promotes the invasion of osteosarcoma cells ria SPP1 signaling. Mol Med Rep. 2017,16(5) :5947- 5953.
3. Scheau C, et al.; The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst). 2019, 2019:9423907.
4. Yao Q, et al.; LINC01128 regulates the development of osteosarcoma by sponging miR- 299- 3p to mediate MMP2 expression and activating Wnt/ β-catenin signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med. 2020, 24(24):14293- 14305.
5. Murdocca M, et al.; LOX-1 and cancer: An indissoluble liaison. Cancer Gene Ther. 2021, 28(10-11): 1088-1098.
6. Morrow JJ, et al.; Osteosarcoma Genetics and Epigenetics: Emerging Biology and Candidate Therapies. Crit Rev Oncog. 2015, 20(3-4):173-97.

* For research use only. Not for use in clinical diagnosis or treatment of humans or animals.