NCBI Accession #
NP_001119264.1
NCBI GenBank Nucleotide #
NM_001125792.1
NCBI Official Full Name
K-box region and MADS-box transcription factor family protein
NCBI Official Symbol
TT16
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols
ABS; AGAMOUS-like 32; AGL32; ARABIDOPSIS BSISTER; MKD15.12; MKD15_12; TRANSPARENT TESTA16
NCBI Protein Information
K-box region and MADS-box transcription factor family protein
NCBI Summary
Encodes a MADS box protein. Regulates proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the inner-most cell layer of the seed coat. Also controls cell shape of the inner-most cell layer of the seed coat. Also shown to be necessary for determining the identity of the endothelial layer within the ovule. Paralogous to GOA. Plays a maternal role in fertilization and seed development.
UniProt Synonym Gene Names
ABS; AGL32
UniProt Protein Name
Protein TRANSPARENT TESTA 16
UniProt Synonym Protein Names
Arabidopsis BSISTER MADS-box protein
UniProt Primary Accession #
Q8RYD9
UniProt Secondary Accession #
Q540P5; Q9FMX4
UniProt Related Accession #
Q8RYD9
UniProt Comments
Transcription factor involved in the developmental regulation of the endothelium and in the accumulation of proanthocyanidins (PAs) or condensed tannins which give the seed its brown pigmentation after oxidation (PubMed:12368498, PubMed:16080001). Necessary for the normal activation of the BANYULS promoter in the endothelium body (PubMed:12368498). Is required, together with AGL11/STK for the maternal control of endothelium formation, which is essential for female gametophyte development and fertilization, and seed formation (PubMed:22176531). Interacts genetically with AGL1/SHP1 and AGL5/SHP2 in a partially antagonistic manner and represses AGL1/SHP1, AGL5/SHP2, and AGL8/FUL during flower development. Is essential for the coordination of cell divisions in ovule, seed coat development and endosperm formation (PubMed:27776173). Mediates the crosstalk between endothelium and nucellus to ensure proper seed formation. Functions redundantly with AGL63/GOA to repress nucellus growth and promote its degeneration. Represses the negative regulator of autophagy and programmed cell death HVA22D in the proximal nucellus (PubMed:27233529). Binds specifically to the CArG box DNA sequence 5'-CC (A/T)6 GG-3' (PubMed:16080001).